# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Fluff Pulp**: Derived from wood fibers, fluff pulp is highly absorbent and soft. It forms the bulk of the absorbent core.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAP is often mixed with fluff pulp to enhance absorption capacity.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, non-irritating, and quick-drying. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are thin, flexible, and waterproof, making them ideal for preventing leaks.
– **Breathable Films**: These films allow air to pass through while still providing a moisture barrier, enhancing comfort.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to keep the sanitary pad in place. They are applied to the back sheet and must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are thermoplastic adhesives that are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and remove.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and comfort:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for managing menstrual flow effectively.
– **Softness**: Materials should be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help maintain skin health by allowing air circulation.
– **Flexibility**: Flexible materials ensure the pad conforms to the body’s shape, providing a secure fit.
– **Hypoallergenic**: Materials should be non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding their composition and properties helps in appreciating the engineering behind these essential hygiene products.