# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties Analysis

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for evaluating their quality, safety, and environmental impact. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are highly effective in preventing leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick absorption of menstrual fluid. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are thin, flexible plastic films that are impermeable to liquids, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not leak through.
– **Breathable Films**: These are advanced materials that allow air to pass through while still providing a moisture barrier, enhancing comfort.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are thermoplastic adhesives that are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These are tacky at room temperature and adhere to surfaces upon application of light pressure.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to cover the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal.

## Properties Analysis

The properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads are critical to their overall performance. Key properties include:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to absorb and retain menstrual fluid is paramount. Materials like SAP and wood pulp are chosen for their high absorbency.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help reduce moisture buildup, preventing discomfort and potential skin issues.
– **Leakage Prevention**: The back sheet and absorbent core must work together to prevent any leakage, ensuring the pad remains effective throughout use.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, the use of biodegradable materials like wood pulp is becoming more important.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding their composition and properties helps consumers make informed choices and encourages manufacturers to innovate towards more sustainable and effective products.